Igbal Masih Paragraph

  IQBAL MASIH

Iqbal Masih was born in 1982 in the village of Muridke, Pakistan, in the age of of four, Iqbal was sold to a carpet mill owner, so he can help his father to pay for his brother’s wedding and for his mother operation, it was common to borrow money from an employer and pay the debt by selling a child into bonded labor. He was sold into bondage for an amount less than seven dollars. for which five-year-old Masih lost his freedom, his childhood and his health.

Bonded labour means that Masih was to work as a carpet weaver for the factory owner till the loan was paid back. His freedom remained a dream because his family’s financial burdens kept growing and they were unable to pay back the loan. Masih’s torture continued without any respite and any hope of the loan ever being repaid.

Masih was like any normal child, with aspirations and dreams of getting educated. But he was only getting well versed in torture and indignity.

Chicken Leg Dissection

Chicken Leg Dissection

Aim: For this dissection, you ´ll find and explain the various tissues.

Materials:

• spray 
• disinfectant hand wash
• gloves
• paper towels
• scalpels
• dissecting probe
• dissecting scissors
• Chicken Drumstick with a thigh
• forceps
• dissecting tray

Safety:

• Make sure to wear gloves
• Wash your hand after the dissection
• Make sure that your hand is dried

 Method:

Procedure:

1. Place the chicken leg on a dissecting tray and examine (look at) the exterior feature. the tough outer
    a layer is called the epidermis (or skin).  the small bumps covering the skin are where the feather was attached.

 2. Examine the lower leg. this is called the drumstick and it is the equivalent (same as) of your lower leg. the large muscle at the back of the leg is the as your gastrocnemius. It also includes two bones -
     the tibia (the larger one) and fibula (thinner, smaller one).

 3. Examine the lower leg. On both a chicken and a human this part is called the thigh. It contains a  large bone called the femur.

 4. Carefully pull the skin off by sliding it down and off the lower leg. You may need to use a scalpel to remove it, but be careful not to cut any muscle tissue.

 5. The yellowish material under the skin is fat (adipose).

 6. The muscles of the leg, like all muscles, work in bundles. Separate a bundle of muscle by inserting your thumb into the muscles of the lower leg. You will notice that the muscle bundle is covered with a silvery lining called the fascia and this makes it hard to separate. But if you push hard enough you will tear it and find the separating muscle bundles is a lot easier.

 7. At either end of the muscles, you will see white cord-like tissue. These cords are called tendons.
     Tendons attach muscle to bone.

 8. Using the scalpel, carefully remove all the muscles from the lower leg. Using your dissection probe
     to examine any blood vessels you find and try to determine which muscles the blood is supplied to.

 9. Near the bone, you should see thin, thread-like strands. These are the nerves.

 10. Using the dissection scissors, cut across the tendons that join the muscles to the bones. Be careful
       not to cut any ligaments that attach bone to bone. You should end up with all the bones still
       attached to each other, but no muscle tissue present.

 11. Move the bones around the joints. The main joint between the bones of the lower leg and femur is
       a hinge joint like the one in your knee. Note how the bones can move only in one plane.

 12. Using your scalpel, carefully cut the ligaments, keeping the bones together.

 13. In the joint between the bones is a piece of cartilage. Cartilage allows joins to move smoothly and
       protects the bones against shocks to the body.

 14. Break one bone in half and examine the marrow. This is where blood cells are made.

 15. Clean up your work area. Ensure you clean your bench using antibacterial spray. Wash your hands
   thoroughly with plenty of antibacterial soap and water.

SLAVERY

SLAVERY

• 600,000 to 800,000 women, children and men bought and sold across International borders every  year and exploited for forced labor or commercial sex (U.S. Government)
• There are 20.9 Million victims of trafficking Worldwide as of 2012.
•  2 million children are subjected to prostitution in the global commercial sex trade (UNICEF).
• It is estimated that 76 percent of transactions for sex with underage girls start on the Internet.
• When Internal trafficking victims are added to the estimates, the number of victims annually is in the range of 2 to 4 million.
• 1.5 Million victims In the United States.
• 50% of those victims are estimated to be children.

Harriett Tubman

My Art Work Photos

In this stuff, I have learnt some skills like shading, drawing a perfect circle and something that is new to me or something that I have never done before.

Slave Trade Triangle Map

Slave Trade Triangle Map

What is the Slave Trade Triangle?: Its a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were brought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum.

What is the First Passage?: It's about the Ships and the Guns that were purchased and taken to Europe. African slaves were kidnapped.

What is the Middle Passage?: Africans were taken to the Caribbean and sold. They were bartered for a ship-load of tobacco and cotton.

What is the Third Passage?: All the Cotton, Tobacco and other products are put back on ships and sent to Europe. Once the ships get to Europe, they are sold. Then more guns and weapons are purchased.

My Map:

Classification and Metal/Properties of Metals

Non-Ferrous Metals

Definition: Non-Ferrous Metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts.

Types of Non-Ferrous Metals:

• Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys.
• Copper.
• Brass.
• Lead.
• Zinc.
• Stainless Steel.
• How are Non-Ferrous Metals used?: Normally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight. Some Non-Ferrous metals, materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.

Ferrous Metal

Ferrous Metal contains iron They have small amounts of other metals or elements added, to give the required properties. They are magnetic

-Cast Iron

-Mild steel

-Stainless Steel

-High Carbon Steel

-High-Speed Steel

Where do you use Ferrous Metal?: These metals are primarily used for their tensile strength and durability, especially mild steel which helps hold up the tallest skyscrapers and the longest bridges in the world. You can also find ferrous metals in housing construction, industrial containers, large-scale piping, automobiles, rails for railroad and transportation, most of tools and hardware you use around the house, and the knives you cook with at home.

Alloy

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by a metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions)

Examples of common alloys.    

• Steel,a combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-metal)
• Bronze,a combination of copper(metal) and tin (metal) and.
• Brass, a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal)

Link of our Google Slide: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QCZbjopW6PQumMQWBJConubGLiV8vGDQW9vO2e9zu4c/edit#slide=id.g30bfbc1fab_0_0

Properties of Metals

Hardness: The Metals Handbook defines hardness as "Resistance of metal to plastic deformation, usually by indentation. However, the term may also refer to stiffness or temper, or to resistance to scratching, abrasion, or cutting.

Toughness: Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. Toughness requires a balance of strength and ductility.

Brittleness: A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks without significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials absorb relatively little energy prior to fracture, even those of high strength. Breaking is often accompanied by a snapping sound.

Density: Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. A density of more than 5 g/cm3 is sometimes quoted as a commonly used criterion and is used in the body of this article.

Ductility: ductility is a physical property of a material associated with the ability to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking. A ductile substance can be drawn into a wire.

Elasticity: Elastiscity the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.

Malleability: Malleability is a physical property of metals that defines the ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.

Tenacity: Tenacity describes the reaction of a mineral to stress such as crushing, bending, breaking, or tearing. Malleable If a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer, it is malleable.

LINK OF GOOGLE SLIDE: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1dL-k0WMz3lyS0RYuT6DxuBTkMf2a5IhiwuDB3ND_ahs/edit#slide=id.g30f92b60d7_0_32